The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor Alpha in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury; a Review Study

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which belongs to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, was first described as gene regulators for metabolic pathways including lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis. Were raised. This nuclear receptor is widely expressed in various tissues, providing a wide range of effects to stabilize one's health. Activation of PPAR-α has been reported to protect neurons in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. There is also growing evidence that activation of this receptor following neuronal ischemia produces neuroprotective effects including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has also been reported that the use of these receptor agonists protects against complications and damage to small vessels in diabetics. However, no existing scientific literature has reported on the effects of PPAR-α activation on blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema formation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Given the role of hypoxia-1α-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in causing damage to the blood-brain barrier and the interaction between PPAR-α and HIF-1α in some body tissues, it seems that PPAR-α acitivation by reducing HIF-1α, can reduce the damage to the blood-brain barrier during ischemia of the brain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible protective roles of PPAR-α activation on neurovascular unit protection in ischemia-reperfusion injury.